Gluvil Tablet
Vildagliptin
Indications
Gluvil is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy and in dual combination with Metformin, a Sulphonylurea, a Thiazolidinedione, or Insulin when diet, exercise and a single antidiabetic agent do not result in adequate glycemic control.
Pharmacology
Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is believed to exert its actions in patients with type 2 diabetes by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are released by the intestine throughout the day, and levels are increased in response to a meal. These hormones are rapidly inactivated by the enzyme, DPP-4. The incretins are part of an endogenous system involved in the physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis. When blood glucose concentrations are normal or elevated, GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells by intracellular signaling pathways involving cyclic AMP. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production. By increasing and prolonging active incretin levels, Vildagliptin increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner.
Dosage & Administration
The recommended dose of Vildagliptin is-
- 50 mg or 100 mg daily for monotherapy.
- 50 mg twice daily (morning and evening) when used in dual combination with Metformin or a Thiazolidinedione;
- 50 mg once daily in the morning when used in dual combination with a Sulphonylurea.
Vildagliptin may be taken with or without a meal. No dosage adjustment is required in the elderly, or in patients with mild renal impairment.
Pediatric use: Vildagliptin is not recommended in patients 18 years of age.
* চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন‘
Interaction
In pharmacokinetic studies, no interactions were seen with pioglitazone, metformin, glibenclamide, digoxin, warfarin, amlodipine, ramipril, valsartan or simvastatin. As with other oral antidiabetic medicinal products the glucose-lowering effect of Gluvil may be reduced by certain active substances, including thiazides, corticosteroids, thyroid products and sympathomimetics.
Contraindications
Vildagliptin is contraindicated in patients with:
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
- Patients with moderate to severe renalImpairment
- Patients with Hepatic Impairment: patients with pre-treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) >3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN).
- Patients with type 1 diabetes
Side Effects
The majority of adverse reactions were mild and transient, not requiring treatment discontinuations. A rare case of hepatic dysfunction is seen. Clinical trials of up to and more than 2 years duration did not show any additional safety signals or unforeseen risks when using Gluvil.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Vildagliptin should not be used in pregnancy. Vildagliptin should not be used during lactation.
Precautions & Warnings
Caution should be exercised in patients aged 75 years and older due to limited clinical experience. It is recommended that LFTs are monitored prior to initiation of Gluvil, at three-monthly intervals in the first year and periodically thereafter. If transaminase levels are increased, patients should be monitored with a second liver function evaluation to confirm the finding and be followed thereafter with frequent liver function tests until the abnormality returns to normal. If AST or ALT persists at 3xULN, Gluvil treatment should be stopped. Patients who develop jaundice or other signs of liver dysfunction should discontinue Gluvil. Following the withdrawal of treatment with Gluvil and LFT normalization, treatment with Gluvil should not be reinitiated. Due to limited clinical experience, use with caution in patients with congestive heart failure of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-II, and do not use in patients with NYHA functional class III IV.
Therapeutic Class
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
Storage Conditions
Store below 30°C temperature & keep away from light & moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
