Nintoin(Nitrofurantoin)
Therapeutic Group: Anti Bacterial
Presentation
Nintoin tablet: Each tablet contains Nitrofurantoin USP 100 mg
Nintoin SR Capsule: Each capsule contains Nitrofurantoin USP 100 mg
Nintoin Suspension: Each 5 ml suspension contains Nitrofurantoin USP 25 mg
Description
Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial agent specific for urinary tract infections. Nitrofurantoin is highly soluble in urine, to which it may impart a brown color. Nitrofurantoin inactivates or alters bacterial ribosomal proteins and other macromolecules. Nitrofurantoin has been shown to be active against the following bacteria: Gram-Positive Aerobes – Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci (including Staphylococcus epidermidis), Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Group D streptococci, Viridans group streptococci. Gram-Negative Aerobes: Escherichia coli, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ozaenae
Indications
Nitrofurantoin is specifically indicated for the treatment & prophylaxis of urinary tract infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species.
Dosage & Administration
Nitrofurantoin should be taken with food.
Tablet:
Adults: 50-100 mg four times a day – the lower dosage level is recommended for uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/day in four divided doses (contraindicated under one month of age).
Therapy should be continued for one week or for at least 3 days after sterility of the urine is obtained.
For long-term suppressive therapy in adults, a reduction of dosage to 50-100 mg at bedtime may be adequate. For long-term suppressive therapy in children, doses as low as 1 mg/kg per 24 hours, given in a single dose or in two divided doses, may be adequate.
SR Capsule:
Adults and Children over 12 years: One 100 mg capsule every 12 hours for seven days.
Genito-urinary surgical prophylaxis: One capsule twice daily on day of procedure and for next 3 days.
Suspension:
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/day in four divided doses (contraindicated under 1 month of age).
The average dose of Nintoin suspension for pediatric patients can be calculated as follows:-
1. For 7 to 11 kg Body Weight patient ½ (2.5 ml)teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
2. For 12 to 21 kg Body Weight patient 1 (5 ml)teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
3.For 22 to 30 kg Body Weight patient 1 ½ (7.5 ml)teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
4.For 31 to 41 kg Body Weight patient 2 (10 ml)teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
Therapy should be continued for one week or for at least 3 days after sterility of the urine is obtained.
For long-term suppressive therapy in children, doses as low as 1 mg/kg per 24 hours, given in a single dose or in two divided doses, may be adequate.
Side Effects
The most frequent clinical adverse events are nausea, headache, and flatulence. Other less occurred adverse events are diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, constipation, emesis, dizziness, drowsiness
Precautions
If acute, sub-acute, or chronic pulmonary reactions occur, Nitrofurantoin should be discontinued. Antacid preparations containing magnesium trisilicate should not be taken while taking Nitrofurantoin
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nitrofurantoin has been detected in human breast milk in trace amounts. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from Nitrofurantoin in nursing infants under one month of age, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother
Over Dose
Occasional incidents of acute overdosage of Nitrofurantoin have not resulted in any specific symptoms other than vomiting. Induction of emesis is recommended
Commercial Pack
Nintoin Tablet: Each box contains 3 blister strips of 10 tablets.
Nintoin 50 Capsule: Each box contains 3 blister strips of 10 capsules.
Nintoin SR Capsule: Each box contains 2 blister strips of 10 capsules.
Nintoin Suspension: Each bottle contains 100 ml suspension.
